Imboni yensimbi imi njengomgogodla wengqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke, kodwa isebenza kwenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ekushiseni okukhulu kokuncibilikisa insimbi kuya ekuqondeni kokwenziwa kwensimbi, imishini ebalulekile efana nama-converter, ama-arc furnace kagesi, kanye nama-blast furnace abhekene nokucindezeleka okungapheli: kumele abekezelele ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa avame ukwedlula i-1,600°C, ahambisana nokuguguleka okunamandla okuvela ku-slag encibilikisiwe kanye nensimbi eshisayo. Lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu zibeka izidingo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ezintweni eziphikisayo—izingqimba zokuvikela ezivikela imishini ekulimaleni—futhi phakathi kwazo zonke izinketho,izitini ze-magnesium-chromiumkuvela njengesixazululo esiphelele nesithembekile.
Izitini ze-magnesium-chromium zithatha isikhundla sazo esingenakuqhathaniswa embonini yensimbi ngenxa yezakhiwo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezingenakwehlulwa ezibhekana nazo zonke izindawo ezibuhlungu zokukhiqizwa kwensimbi eshisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukumelana kwazo nomlilo okumangalisayo kushintsha kakhulu ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle: ngesilinganiso sokungaguquguquki esingaphezu kuka-1,700°C, lezi zitini zigcina ubuqotho bazo besakhiwo ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu zezitofu zokwenza insimbi. Ngokungafani nezinto ezingaphansi kokuguquguquki ezingase zithambe noma zincibilike ngaphansi kokushisa okukhulu, izitini ze-magnesium-chromium zisusa ingozi yokwehluleka kwemishini ngokuzumayo, okungamisa imigqa yokukhiqiza futhi kuholele ekubambezelekeni okubizayo. Okwesibili, ukumelana kwazo okuphezulu kwe-slag kuxazulula ngqo enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokulungisa embonini yensimbi. Njengoba zakhiwe yi-magnesium oxide ne-chromium oxide emsulwa kakhulu, izitini zakha isithiyo esiminyene, esingangenwa amanzi esixosha kokubili ama-slag e-alkaline kanye ne-acidic - imikhiqizo evamile yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi edla ama-lining avamile. Lokhu kumelana kwandisa kakhulu impilo ye-lining yesithando ngo-30% noma ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-refractories ajwayelekile, kunciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni njalo futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe. Okwesithathu, ukuzinza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kokushaqeka kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi nezigaba zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Lapho izitofu ziqala noma zivala, amazinga okushisa angaguquguquka ngamakhulu amadigri esikhathini esifushane—ukucindezeleka okubangela ukuthi izitini eziningi ziqhekeke noma ziqhekeke. Nokho, izitini ze-magnesium-chromium zimunca lokhu kuguquguquka kalula, zigcina izintambo ziqinile futhi umkhiqizo usebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Lezi zakhiwo ezivelele zenza izitini ze-magnesium-chromium zibe yinto ebalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba ezibalulekile zokwenza insimbi, kusukela ekucutshungulweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekubunjweni kokugcina. Kuma-converter kanye nama-arc furnace kagesi, lapho insimbi incibilikiswa futhi ihlanzwa khona, izitini zimboza izindonga zangaphakathi, zibekezelela ukukhuhla okuqondile okuvela ensimbini encibilikisiwe eqhumayo kanye ne-slag ebolile. Lokhu kuvikelwa kuvumela ama-furnace ukuthi asebenze kahle kakhulu isikhathi eside, okwandisa umkhiqizo wensimbi wansuku zonke. Kuma-ladle—imikhumbi emikhulu ethutha insimbi encibilikisiwe kusuka kuma-furnace iye emishinini yokukhipha— izitini ze-magnesium-chromium zisebenza njenge-liner eqinile. Zivimbela ukulahleka kokushisa okungalimaza ikhwalithi yensimbi futhi kuvimbele ukuvuza okungenzeka, okuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi encibilikisiwe ifinyelela esigabeni sayo esilandelayo esimweni esifanele sokucubungula phansi njengokugoqa noma ukubopha. Ngisho nasezitsheni zomlilo, inhliziyo yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi, lezi zitini zivikela izindawo ezibalulekile eziphezulu neziphansi ekuhlaselweni okuhlangene kwegesi eshisa kakhulu (kufika ku-2,000°C) kanye ne-slag encibilikisiwe, okugcina ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, okuzinzile okubalulekile ekuhlinzekweni kwensimbi okuqhubekayo.
Kubakhiqizi bensimbi abalwela ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, nokugcina umncintiswano, ukukhetha izitini ze-magnesium-chromium ezisezingeni eliphezulu akuyona nje inketho—kuyisidingo. Izitini zethu ze-magnesium-chromium zakhiwe ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu ezivivinywa kanzima ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zomkhakha womhlaba wonke. Sithembeke yizitshalo zensimbi ezihamba phambili kulo lonke elase-Asia, eYurophu, naseNyakatho Melika, imikhiqizo yethu inomlando oqinisekisiwe wokuletha ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, ngisho nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezidinga kakhulu. Bambisana nathi namuhla, futhi uvumele ikhambi lethu elihamba phambili embonini elingashisi liqinise inqubo yakho yokwenza insimbi, linciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi, futhi likusize ufinyelele ukukhula okusimeme nokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-22-2025
