Izitini Eziyi-Silica Refractory: Ukusetshenziswa Okubalulekile Kuzo Zonke Izimboni Ukuze Kuzinze Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Ezinqubweni zezimboni ezithembele ekushiseni okukhulu—kusukela engilazini encibilikisayo kuya ensimbini encibilikisayo—ukukhetha izinto ezifanele eziphikisayo kungenza noma kuphule ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.Izitini ze-Silica RefractoryZivelele njengokukhetha okuphezulu kulezi zindawo ezinzima, ngenxa yokumelana kwazo okumangalisayo nokushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-1750°C), ukwanda okuphansi kokushisa, kanye nokumelana okunamandla nokuguguleka kwe-asidi. Kodwa lezi zitini eziqinile ziletha kuphi inani elikhulu? Ake sihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwazo okubalulekile kuzo zonke izimboni ezibalulekile, nokuthi kungani ziyisisombululo esithandwayo konjiniyela nabaphathi bezitshalo emhlabeni jikelele.​

Yini Eyenza Izitini Ezingaguquguquki Ze-Silica Zilungele Ukufakwa Kwezicelo Eziphezulu Zokushisa?

Ngaphambi kokufunda kabanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwazo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izakhiwo ezenza izitini eziphikisayo ze-silica zibe yinto ebalulekile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziphikisayo (njengobumba lomlilo noma izitini ze-alumina), izitini ze-silica zakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-silica ekristale, enikeza:

Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu:Zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngisho noma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-1700°C, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezinqubweni eziqhubekayo zokushisa okuphezulu.

Ukwanda okuphansi kokushisa:Lokhu kunciphisa ukuqhekeka nokugoba lapho kuvezwa izinguquko zokushisa okusheshayo (inkinga evamile ezithandweni zezimboni).

Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwe-asidi:Zimelana kahle namagesi ane-asidi kanye nama-slag, okuyimfuneko ezimbonini ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-coke kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengilazi.

Impilo yenkonzo ende:Ukuqina kwazo kunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha njalo, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Lezi zakhiwo zenza izitini ze-silica eziphikisayo zezimboni zibe yisisombululo esiguquguqukayo semikhakha edinga ukuthembeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko Kwezitini Ezingaguquki Ze-Silica Ngokwezimboni​

Izitini ezinamathelayo ze-silica azizona izinto "ezilingana nosayizi owodwa"—izinzuzo zazo ezihlukile zihambisana nezidingo ezithile zezimboni. Ngezansi kunemikhakha lapho zidlala khona indima ebalulekile, kanye nendlela ezixazulula ngayo izinselele ezibalulekile.​

1. Ama-oven e-Coke: Umgogodla Wokukhiqiza Insimbi

Ama-oven e-coke abalulekile ekuguquleni amalahle abe yi-coke (uphethiloli oyinhloko wokwenza insimbi), futhi asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-1100°C no-1300°C isikhathi eside. Izitini ze-silica ezinamathelayo zama-oven e-coke ziyindinganiso yegolide lapha ngezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile:

Zimelana namagesi ane-asidi (njenge-carbon monoxide kanye ne-sulfur dioxide) akhishwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-carbon emalahleni, okuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezitini kanye nokuvuza kwegesi.

Ukwanda kwazo okuphansi kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwelwesi lwehhavini luhlala luqinile phakathi nomjikelezo wansuku zonke wokushisa nokupholisa, okugwema imifantu ebizayo engamisa ukukhiqizwa.

Abaphathi bezitshalo bathembele ezitini ezishisayo ze-silica ezinamathelayo ezindlini ze-coke oven kanye nasezindlini zokufaka ugesi, njengoba ngisho nokwehluleka kwendwangu encane kungaholela emasontweni okungasebenzi—okubiza izigidi zokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo.​

2. Izithando Zokuncibilikisa Ingilazi: Ukuqinisekisa Ingilazi Ehlanzekile, Ehlala Njalo​

Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi kudinga ukuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa (isihlabathi, umlotha wesoda, i-limestone) emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1600°C, futhi ulwelwesi lwesithando akumele luhlangane nengilazi encibilikisiwe (engangcolisa umkhiqizo wokugcina). Izitini ze-silica zezithando zokuncibilikisa ingilazi zilungele ngoba:

Ukungaguquguquki kwazo kuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngengilazi encibilikisiwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingilazi ihlala icacile futhi ingenazo izinto ezingcolile.

Zimelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokugeleza kwengilazi encibilikisiwe njalo, zinciphisa ukuguguleka kwendwangu futhi zandise impilo yesithando somlilo.

Zivame ukusetshenziswa "esakhiweni esingaphezulu" sezithando zeglasi (izingxenye ezingaphezulu kwengilazi encibilikisiwe), lapho amazinga okushisa ephezulu kakhulu futhi umusi we-asidi ugxile kakhulu.

Kubakhiqizi bezingilazi, ukusebenzisa izitini ze-silica ezimelana ne-asidi kuhumusha ukungabi namaphutha komkhiqizo kanye nezikhathi zokusebenza zesithando eside—kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezinsuku zokugcina zokukhiqiza eziqinile.​

3. Izitofu Zemboni Yensimbi: Ukusingatha Ukushisa Okukhulu kanye Nokungcola​

Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kuhilela izinqubo eziningi zokushisa okuphezulu, okuhlanganisa ama-blast furnaces, ama-electric arc furnaces (ama-EAF), kanye nama-ladle furnaces. Izitini ze-silica refractory zama-steel furnaces zisebenza kahle kulezi zindawo ngoba:

Zimelana nesenzo sokukhuhla sensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye ne-slag, okungaguga ngokushesha izinto ezingaphili isikhathi eside.

Umthamo wazo wokushisa ophezulu usiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa ahambisanayo kuhhavini, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Zivame ukusetshenziswa “eziko” (ngezansi) kanye “nezindonga eziseceleni” ze-EAF, lapho amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-1700°C futhi ukucindezeleka komshini kuphakeme.

Izimboni zensimbi ezisebenzisa izitini ze-silica ezihlala isikhathi eside zibika izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi kanye nokuvalwa okumbalwa okungahleliwe—izinzuzo ezibalulekile embonini encintisana kakhulu.​

4. Ezinye Izicelo Zezimboni​

Ngaphandle kwe-coke, ingilazi, nensimbi, izitini zomlilo ze-silica zisetshenziswa kwezinye izilungiselelo zokushisa okuphezulu, kufaka phakathi:

Izitofu zobumba:Zihlinzeka ngendwangu eqinile yokushisa izitsha zobumba emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1600°C.​

Ama-reactor amakhemikhali:Ukumelana kwazo ne-asidi kuzenza zifanelekele ama-reactor aphatha izinqubo ze-asidi (isb., ukukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid).

Izinto zokushisa imfucuza:Zimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye namagesi agqwalisayo akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemfucuza.