Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-refractory raw materials nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa. Kunezigaba eziyisithupha jikelele.
Okokuqala, ngokusho kwezingxenye zamakhemikhali zokuhlukaniswa kwe-refractory raw materials
Ingahlukaniswa ibe yizinto zokusetshenziswa ze-oxide kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingezona i-oxide. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, ezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo seziphenduke izinto ezandulelayo noma izinto ezisizayo zokusebenza okuphezulu kokumelana nomlilo.
Okwesibili, ngokusho kwezingxenye zamakhemikhali zokuhlukaniswa kwe-refractory raw materials
Ngokwezici zamakhemikhali, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokumelana nomlilo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ezingavuthiwe zokumelana nomlilo we-asidi, njenge-silica, zircon, njll.; Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokumelana nomlilo ezingathathi hlangothi, njenge-corundum, i-bauxite (i-acidic), i-mullite (i-acidic), i-pyrite (i-alkali), i-graphite, njll; Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokumelana nomlilo we-alkaline, njenge-magnesia, isihlabathi se-dolomite, isihlabathi se-magnesia calcium, njll.
Okwesithathu, ngokuya ngezigaba zomsebenzi wenqubo yokukhiqiza
Ngokuya ngendima yayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza ephikisayo, izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphikisayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko kanye nezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe ezisizayo.
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko ingumzimba oyinhloko we-refractory material. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisizayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izibophezelo nezithasiselo. Umsebenzi we-binder ukwenza umzimba ophikisayo ube namandla anele ohlelweni lokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-asphalt, i-phenolic resin, usimende we-aluminate, i-sodium silicate, i-phosphoric acid ne-phosphate, i-sulfate, futhi ezinye zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ngokwazo zinendima yama-ejenti wokubopha, njengobumba oluhlanganisiwe; Indima yezithasiselo ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa noma inqubo yokwakha yezinto eziphikisayo, noma ukuqinisa ezinye izakhiwo zezinto eziphikisayo, njenge-stabilizer, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, i-inhibitor, i-plasticizer, i-ejenti enegwebu, i-ejenti yokwandisa, i-antioxidant, njll.
Okwesine, ngokohlobo lwe-asidi nokuhlukaniswa kwesisekelo
Ngokusho kwe-asidi ne-alkali, izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphikisayo zingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezinhlanu ezilandelayo.
(1) Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezine-Acidic
Ikakhulukazi izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-siliceous, ezifana ne-quartz, i-squamquartz, i-quartzite, i-chalcedony, i-chert, i-opal, i-quartzite, isihlabathi se-silica esimhlophe, i-diatomite, lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-siliceous ziqukethe i-silica (SiO2) okungenani ngaphezu kuka-90%, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile zine-silica phezulu. ngaphezu kwama-99%. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-siliceous zine-asidi ekuguquguqukeni kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphezulu, lapho kukhona ama-oxide ensimbi, noma lapho kuthintana nesenzo samakhemikhali, futhi kuhlanganiswe ku-silicates fusible. Ngakho-ke, uma impahla eluhlaza ye-siliceous iqukethe inani elincane le-oxide yensimbi, izothinta kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nokushisa.
(2) izinto zokusetshenziswa ezine-asidi
Ngokuyinhloko iwubumba oluphikisayo. Esikhathini esidlule ukuhlukaniswa, ubumba lufakwe ohlwini lwezinto ezine-acidic, empeleni alufanelekile. I-asidi yezinto ezingavuthiwe eziphikisayo isekelwe ku-silica yamahhala (SiO2) njengomzimba oyinhloko, ngoba ngokokwakheka kwamakhemikhali obumba oluphikisayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-siliceous, i-silica yamahhala ebumba eliphikisayo incane kakhulu kune-siliceous eluhlaza.
Ngoba kukhona u-30% ~ 45% we-alumina odambeni olujwayelekile oluphikisayo, futhi i-alumina ayivamisile ukuthi ikhululeke, ibophezeleke ukuthi ihlanganiswe ne-silica ibe yi-kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), noma ngabe kunenani elincane le-silica eleqile, indima encane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, impahla ye-asidi yobumba oluphikisayo ibuthakathaka kakhulu kunaleyo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-siliceous. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ubumba lwe-refractory emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukubola ku-silicate yamahhala, i-alumina yamahhala, kodwa engashintshiwe, i-silicate yamahhala ne-alumina yamahhala izohlanganiswa ibe yi-quartz (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) uma iqhubeka nokushiswa. I-quartz inokumelana okuhle kwe-asidi ku-alkaline slag, futhi ngenxa yokwanda kokwakheka kwe-alumina obumba oluphikisayo, into ye-asidi iba buthaka kancane kancane, lapho i-alumina ifinyelela ku-50%, izakhiwo ze-alkaline noma ezingathathi hlangothi, ikakhulukazi ezenziwe ngezitini zobumba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu. , icwecwe elihle, i-porosity ephansi, ukumelana ne-alkaline slag kunamandla kune-silica ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu. I-quartz nayo ayisheshi kakhulu ngokuya ngokuguguleka kwayo, ngakho-ke sikubona kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa ubumba oluphikisayo njengolune-acidic kancane. Ubumba oluphikisayo luyinto eyisisekelo kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-refractory.
(3) izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingathathi hlangothi
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingathathi hlangothi ngokuyinhloko ziyi-chromite, i-graphite, i-silicon carbide (yokwenziwa), ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zokushisa aziphenduli nge-asidi noma i-alkaline slag. Njengamanje kunezinto ezimbili ezinjalo emvelweni, i-chromite ne-graphite. Ngaphezu kwe-graphite yemvelo, kune-graphite yokwenziwa, lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ezingathathi hlangothi, zinokuphikiswa okuphawulekayo kwe-slag, ezifanele kakhulu izinto eziphikisayo ze-alkaline kanye nokufakwa kwe-acid refractory.
(4) i-alkaline refractory izinto zokusetshenziswa
Ikakhulukazi i-magnesite (i-magnesite), i-dolomite, i-lime, i-olivine, i-serpentine, i-alumina ephakeme ye-oksijini eluhlaza izinto zokusetshenziswa (ngezinye izikhathi zingathathi hlangothi), lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zinokumelana okuqinile ne-alkaline slag, esetshenziswa kakhulu esithandweni somlilo se-alkaline, kodwa ikakhulukazi kulula futhi i-asidi slag chemical reaction and abe ngusawoti.
(5) Izinto ezikhethekile zokuphikisa
Ikakhulukazi i-zirconia, i-titanium oxide, i-beryllium oxide, i-cerium oxide, i-thorium oxide, i-yttrium oxide nokunye. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zineziqu ezihlukene zokumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-slag, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umthombo wempahla eluhlaza awuningi, awukwazi ukusetshenziswa embonini enkulu ye-refractory, ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile, ngakho ubizwa ngokuthi umlilo okhethekile. ukumelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Eyesihlanu, ngokusho kwesizukulwane sokuhlukaniswa kwempahla eluhlaza
Ngokusho kwesizukulwane sezinto zokusetshenziswa, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto zokwenziwa zemvelo kanye nezinto zokwenziwa zokwenziwa izigaba ezimbili.
(1) izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo eziphikisayo
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali zemvelo zisewumzimba omkhulu wezinto ezingavuthiwe. Amaminerali avela emvelweni akhiwe yizakhi eziwakhayo. Njengamanje, kufakazelwe ukuthi inani eliphelele le-oxygen, i-silicon kanye ne-aluminium izakhi ezintathu zenza cishe u-90% wesamba sesamba sezinto ezikuqweqweni, futhi i-oxide, i-silicate kanye ne-aluminosilicate minerals account ngezinzuzo ezisobala, ezinkulu kakhulu. izinqolobane zezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo.
I-China inemithombo ecebile ye-refractory eluhlaza, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi. I-Magnesite, i-bauxite, i-graphite nezinye izinsiza zingabizwa ngokuthi izinsika ezintathu ze-refractory raw materials yaseChina; I-Magnesite ne-bauxite, izinqolobane ezinkulu, izinga eliphezulu; Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yobumba ephikisayo, i-silica, i-dolomite, i-magnesia dolomite, i-magnesia olivine, i-serpentine, i-zircon nezinye izinsiza zisakazwa kabanzi.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo yilezi: i-silica, i-quartz, i-diatomite, i-wax, ubumba, i-bauxite, i-cyanite mineral raw materials, i-magnesite, i-dolomite, i-limestone, i-magnesite olivine, i-serpentine, i-talc, i-chlorite, i-zircon, i-plagiozircon, i-perlite, i-chromium iron i-graphite yemvelo.
Isithupha, Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izinto ezingavuthiwe zemvelo zingahlukaniswa zibe:
I-Silicous: njenge-crystalline silica, i-quartz sand cemented silica, njll.;
② i-semi-siliceous (i-phyllachite, njll.)
③ Ubumba: njengobumba oluqinile, ubumba oluthambile, njll.; Hlanganisa ubumba ne-clay clinker
(4) I-aluminium ephezulu: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-jade, njenge-bauxite ephezulu, amaminerali e-sillimanite;
⑤ Magnesium: magnesite;
⑥ I-Dolomite;
⑦ I-Chromite [(Fe,Mg)O·(Cr,Al)2O3];
I-Zircon (ZrO2·SiO2).
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo zivame ukuqukatha ukungcola okwengeziwe, ukwakheka akuzinzile, ukusebenza kushintshashintsha kakhulu, kungasetshenziswa kuphela izinto ezingavuthiwe ezimbalwa, eziningi zazo kufanele zihlanzwe, zifakwe emazingeni noma zibe nezibalo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphikisayo.
(2) izinto zokwenziwa zokumelana nomlilo
Izinhlobo zamaminerali emvelo asetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zilinganiselwe, futhi ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezinto eziphikisayo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme zezidingo ezikhethekile zemboni yesimanje. I-Synthetic refractory raw ingafinyelela ngokugcwele ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaminerali aklanywe ngaphambili kanye nesakhiwo, ukuthungwa kwawo okuhlanzekile, isakhiwo esiminyene, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kulula ukulawula, ngakho ikhwalithi izinzile, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphambili zokuphikisa, yiyona eluhlaza okuyinhloko. impahla yesimanje ikhono eliphezulu kanye high technology refractory materials. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-refractory kushesha kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule.
Izinto zokwenziwa zokwenziwa zokwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ziyi-magnesium aluminium spinel, i-synthetic mullite, i-magnesia yamanzi olwandle, i-synthetic magnesium cordierite, i-sintered corundum, i-aluminium titanate, i-silicon carbide nokunye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-19-2023
